Luxembourg Research Evaluation 2022: Field Mapping of Knowledge Structure

# Introduction:

Department

Here are preliminary results of the bibliometric mapping of the 2022 Luxembourg research evaluation. Its purpose is:

• To map the broader research community and distinct research field the department contributes to.
• Identify core knowledge bases, research areas gtrends and topics.
• Highlight the positioning of the department within this dynamics.

The method for the research-field-mapping can be reiviewed here:

Rakas, M., & Hain, D. S. (2019). The state of innovation system research: What happens beneath the surface?. Research Policy, 48(9), 103787.

Seed Articles

The seed articles deemed representative for the active areas of research in the institution, and include authors affiliated with the institution. They can be selected in three ways:

1. Via bibliographic clustering of the institutions publications and selection of most central articles per cluster (only clsuters where n >= 0.05N). Selection can be found at:https://github.com/daniel-hain/biblio_lux_2022/blob/master/output/seed/scopus_list_erin_seed.csv
2. MAnual selection of relevant publications.
3. A combination of 1. and 2.

The present analysis is based on the following seed articles:

AU	PY	TI	JI
ANDRÉ CM;GUERRIERO G;LATEUR…	2022	IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL CANDIDATE GENES INVOLVED IN APPLE CUTICLE INTEGRITY AND RUSSETING-ASSOCIA…	PLANTS
MEHRTASH M;CAPITANESCU F;HE…	2021	A NEW BI-OBJECTIVE APPROACH FOR OPTIMAL SIZING OF ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL DEVICES IN ZERO ENERGY B…	IEEE TRANS. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
CALUSINSKA M;MARYNOWSKA M;B…	2020	INTEGRATIVE OMICS ANALYSIS OF THE TERMITE GUT SYSTEM ADAPTATION TO MISCANTHUS DIET IDENTIFIES LIG…	COMMUN. BIOLOG.
RODRIGUEZ NB;KLAUS J	2019	CATCHMENT TRAVEL TIMES FROM COMPOSITE STORAGE SELECTION FUNCTIONS REPRESENTING THE SUPERPOSITION …	WATER RESOUR. RES.
CHINI M;HOSTACHE R;PELICH R…	2019	PROBABILISTIC URBAN FLOOD MAPPING USING SAR DATA	DIG INT GEOSCI REMOTE SENS …
MOLITOR D;SCHULTZ M;FRIEDRI…	2018	EFFICACY OF FENHEXAMID TREATMENTS AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA IN GRAPEVINE AS AFFECTED BY TIME OF AP…	CROP PROT.
BHATTARAI N;MALLICK K;BRUNS…	2018	REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM AN IMAGE-BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE INITIAT…	HYDROL. EARTH SYST. SCI.
CAPITANESCU F	2018	OPF INTEGRATING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS FLEXIBILITY FOR TSO REAL-TIME ACTIVE POWER BALANCE MANAGEMENT	IET CONF PUBL
PETRI I;ALHAMAMI A;REZGUI Y…	2018	A VIRTUAL COLLABORATIVE PLATFORM TO SUPPORT BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING IMPLEMENTATION FOR ENER…	IFIP ADVANCES IN INFORMATIO…
CENCI L;PULVIRENTI L;BONI G…	2017	AN EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF SENTINEL 1 FOR IMPROVING FLASH FLOOD PREDICTIONS VIA SOIL MOIST…	ADV. GEOSCI.

Topic modelling

Here, we report the results of a LDA topic-modelling (basically, clustering on words) on all title+abstract texts.

Topics by topwords

Note: While this static vies is helpful, I recommend using the interactive LDAVis version to be found under https://daniel-hain.github.io/biblio_lux_2022/output/topic_modelling/LDAviz_list_erin.rds/index.html#topic=1&lambda=0.60&term=. For functionality and usage, see technical description in the next tab.

Topics over time

Technical Description

LDA Topic Modelling

Topic modeling is a type of statistical modeling for discovering the abstract “topics” that occur in a collection of documents. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is an example of topic model and is used to classify text in a document to a particular topic.

LDA is a generative probabilistic model that assumes each topic is a mixture over an underlying set of words, and each document is a mixture of over a set of topic probabilities. It builds a topic per document model and words per topic model, modeled as Dirichlet distributions.

LDAVis

LDAvis is a web-based interactive visualisation of topics estimated using LDA. It provides a global view of the topics (and how they differ from each other), while at the same time allowing for a deep inspection of the terms most highly associated with each individual topic. The package extracts information from a fitted LDA topic model to inform an interactive web-based visualization. The visualisation has two basic pieces.

The left panel visualise the topics as circles in the two-dimensional plane whose centres are determined by computing the Jensen–Shannon divergence between topics, and then by using multidimensional scaling to project the inter-topic distances onto two dimensions. Each topic’s overall prevalence is encoded using the areas of the circles.

The right panel depicts a horizontal bar chart whose bars represent the individual terms that are the most useful for interpreting the currently selected topic on the left. A pair of overlaid bars represent both the corpus-wide frequency of a given term as well as the topic-specific frequency of the term.

The \(\lambda\) slider allows to rank the terms according to term relevance. By default, the terms of a topic are ranked in decreasing order according their topic-specific probability ( \(\lambda\) = 1 ). Moving the slider allows to adjust the rank of terms based on much discriminatory (or “relevant”) are for the specific topic. The suggested optimal value of \(\lambda\) is 0.6.

Knowledge Bases: Co-Citation network analysis

Note: This analysis refers the co-citation analysis, where the cited references and not the original publications are the unit of analysis. See tab Technical descriptionfor additional explanations

Knowledge Bases summary

In order to partition networks into components or clusters, we deploy a community detection technique based on the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). The Lovain Algorithm is a heuristic method that attempts to optimize the modularity of communities within a network by maximizing within- and minimizing between-community connectivity. We identify the following communities = knowledge bases.

com	name	dgr_int	dgr
Knowledge Base 1: KB 1 (n = 3634, density =2.16)
1	SU Z. THE SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE SYSTEM (SEBS)	9364	9589
1	MU Q. ZHAO M. RUNNING S.W. IMPROVEMENTS TO A MODIS GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM (2011)	9340	9951
1	MU Q. HEINSCH F.A. ZHAO M. RUNNING S.W. DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOBAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM BASED ON MODIS AND GLOBAL METEOROLOGY DATA (2007)	6682	7014
1	ALLEN R.G. TASUMI M. TREZZA R. SATELLITE-BASED ENERGY BALANCE FOR MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WITH INTERNALIZED CALIBRATION (METRIC)	5801	5857
1	PRIESTLEY C.H.B. TAYLOR R.J. ON THE ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE HEAT FLUX AND EVAPORATION USING LARGE-SCALE PARAMETERS (1972)	5201	5419
1	BASTIAANSSEN W.G.M. MENENTI M. FEDDES R.A. HOLTSLAG A.A.M. A REMOTE SENSING SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE ALGORITHM FOR LAND (SEBAL)	4857	4922
1	NORMAN J.M. KUSTAS W.P. HUMES K.S. SOURCE APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING SOIL AND VEGETATION ENERGY FLUXES IN OBSERVATIONS OF DIRECTIONAL RADIOMETRIC SURF…	4364	4415
1	KALMA J.D. MCVICAR T.R. MCCABE M.F. ESTIMATING LAND SURFACE EVAPORATION: A REVIEW OF METHODS USING REMOTELY SENSED SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATA (2008)	4110	4182
1	ALLEN R.G. PEREIRA L.S. RAES D. SMITH M. (1998)	3964	4308
1	PENMAN H.L. NATURAL EVAPORATION FROM OPEN WATER BARE SOIL AND GRASS (1948)	3880	3979
Knowledge Base 2: KB 2 (n = 2094, density =3.16)
2	PARKS D.H. IMELFORT M. SKENNERTON C.T. HUGENHOLTZ P. TYSON G.W. CHECKM: ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF MICROBIAL GENOMES RECOVERED FROM ISOLATES SINGLE C…	7449	7452
2	EDGAR R.C. SEARCH AND CLUSTERING ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE FASTER THAN BLAST (2010)	4790	4790
2	LANGMEAD B. SALZBERG S.L. FAST GAPPED-READ ALIGNMENT WITH BOWTIE 2 (2012)	2705	2709
2	BOLGER A.M. LOHSE M. USADEL B. TRIMMOMATIC: A FLEXIBLE TRIMMER FOR ILLUMINA SEQUENCE DATA (2014)	2667	2683
2	LOMBARD V. GOLACONDA RAMULU H. DRULA E. COUTINHO P.M. HENRISSAT B. THE CARBOHYDRATE-ACTIVE ENZYMES DATABASE (CAZY)	2364	2364
2	SEEMANN T. PROKKA: RAPID PROKARYOTIC GENOME ANNOTATION (2014)	2306	2306
2	KANG D.D. FROULA J. EGAN R. WANG Z. METABAT AN EFFICIENT TOOL FOR ACCURATELY RECONSTRUCTING SINGLE GENOMES FROM COMPLEX MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES (2015)	2177	2177
2	YIN Y. MAO X. YANG J. CHEN X. MAO F. XU Y. DBCAN: A WEB RESOURCE FOR AUTOMATED CARBOHYDRATE-ACTIVE ENZYME ANNOTATION (2012)	2120	2120
2	LETUNIC I. BORK P. INTERACTIVE TREE OF LIFE (ITOL)	1942	1942
2	KANEHISA M. GOTO S. KEGG: KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (2000)	1864	1864
Knowledge Base 3: KB 3 (n = 1962, density =4.75)
3	MCGUIRE K.J. MCDONNELL J.J. A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF CATCHMENT TRANSIT TIME MODELING (2006)	5019	5223
3	HARMAN C.J. TIME-VARIABLE TRANSIT TIME DISTRIBUTIONS AND TRANSPORT: THEORY AND APPLICATION TO STORAGE-DEPENDENT TRANSPORT OF CHLORIDE IN A WATERSHE…	3555	3713
3	TETZLAFF D. BIRKEL C. DICK J. GERIS J. SOULSBY C. STORAGE DYNAMICS IN HYDROPEDOLOGICAL UNITS CONTROL HILLSLOPE CONNECTIVITY RUNOFF GENERATION AND T…	2457	2610
3	MCGUIRE K.J. MCDONNELL J.J. WEILER M. KENDALL C. MCGLYNN B.L. WELKER J.M. SEIBERT J. THE ROLE OF TOPOGRAPHY ON CATCHMENT-SCALE WATER RESIDENCE TIME…	2266	2354
3	BOTTER G. BERTUZZO E. RINALDO A. CATCHMENT RESIDENCE AND TRAVEL TIME DISTRIBUTIONS: THE MASTER EQUATION (2011)	2257	2370
3	JASECHKO S. KIRCHNER J.W. WELKER J.M. MCDONNELL J.J. SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF GLOBAL STREAMFLOW LESS THAN THREE MONTHS OLD (2016)	2254	2323
3	KIRCHNER J.W. FENG X. NEAL C. FRACTAL STREAM CHEMISTRY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN CATCHMENTS (2000)	2251	2309
3	HRACHOWITZ M. SAVENIJE H. BOGAARD T.A. TETZLAFF D. SOULSBY C. WHAT CAN FLUX TRACKING TEACH US ABOUT WATER AGE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND THEIR TEMPO…	2062	2282
3	BOTTER G. BERTUZZO E. RINALDO A. TRANSPORT IN THE HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE: TRAVEL TIME DISTRIBUTIONS SOIL MOISTURE DYNAMICS AND THE OLD WATER PARADOX (…	2029	2142
3	KLAUS J. MCDONNELL J.J. HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION USING STABLE ISOTOPES: REVIEW AND EVALUATION (2013)	2019	2103
Knowledge Base 4: KB 4 (n = 1832, density =3.57)
4	WAGNER W. LEMOINE G. ROTT H. A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SOIL MOISTURE FROM ERS SCATTEROMETER AND SOIL DATA (1999)	5102	5470
4	NJOKU E.G. JACKSON T.J. LAKSHMI V. CHAN T.K. NGHIEM S.V. SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL FROM AMSR-E (2003)	1955	2135
4	OWE M. DE JEU R. HOLMES T. MULTISENSOR HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY OF SATELLITE-DERIVED GLOBAL LAND SURFACE MOISTURE (2008)	1767	1950
4	REICHLE R.H. KOSTER R.D. BIAS REDUCTION IN SHORT RECORDS OF SATELLITE SOIL MOISTURE (2004)	1759	1906
4	NAEIMI V. SCIPAL K. BARTALIS Z. HASENAUER S. WAGNER W. AN IMPROVED SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM FOR ERS AND METOP SCATTEROMETER OBSERVATIONS (…	1729	1772
4	ENTEKHABI D. NJOKU E.G. O’NEILL P.E. KELLOGG K.H. CROW W.T. EDELSTEIN W.N. ENTIN J.K. JOHNSON J. THE SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE PASSIVE (SMAP)	1275	1298
4	BROCCA L. MELONE F. MORAMARCO T. WAGNER W. NAEIMI V. BARTALIS Z. HASENAUER S. IMPROVING RUNOFF PREDICTION THROUGH THE ASSIMILATION OF THE ASCAT SOI…	1268	1370
4	STOFFELEN A. TOWARD THE TRUE NEAR-SURFACE WIND SPEED: ERROR MODELING AND CALIBRATION USING TRIPLE COLLOCATION (1998)	1224	1277
4	ALBERGEL C. DE ROSNAY P. GRUHIER C. MUÑOZ-SABATER J. HASENAUER S. ISAKSEN L. KERR Y. WAGNER W. EVALUATION OF REMOTELY SENSED AND MODELLED SOIL MOIS…	899	919
4	ENTEKHABI D. REICHLE R.H. KOSTER R.D. CROW W.T. PERFORMANCE METRICS FOR SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVALS AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS (2010)	870	917
Knowledge Base 5: KB 5 (n = 1241, density =4.86)
5	BRYDE D. BROQUETAS M. VOLM J.M. THE PROJECT BENEFITS OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM)	4368	4371
5	EADIE R. BROWNE M. ODEYINKA H. MCKEOWN C. MCNIFF S. BIM IMPLEMENTATION THROUGHOUT THE UK CONSTRUCTION PROJECT LIFECYCLE: AN ANALYSIS (2013)	3538	3538
5	AZHAR S. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)	3038	3038
5	SUCCAR B. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING FRAMEWORK: A RESEARCH AND DELIVERY FOUNDATION FOR INDUSTRY STAKEHOLDERS (2009)	2499	2499
5	GU N. LONDON K. UNDERSTANDING AND FACILITATING BIM ADOPTION IN THE AEC INDUSTRY (2010)	2218	2218
5	VOLK R. STENGEL J. SCHULTMANN F. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)	2074	2074
5	PORWAL A. HEWAGE K.N. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)	1144	1144
5	EASTMAN C. TEICHOLZ P. SACKS R. LISTON K. (2011)	932	932
5	WONG J.K.W. ZHOU J. ENHANCING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OVER BUILDING LIFE CYCLES THROUGH GREEN BIM: A REVIEW (2015)	821	821
5	BECERIK-GERBER B. JAZIZADEH F. LI N. CALIS G. APPLICATION AREAS AND DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR BIM-ENABLED FACILITIES MANAGEMENT (2012)	785	785
Knowledge Base 6: KB 6 (n = 1112, density =5.94)
6	GUPTA H.V. KLING H. YILMAZ K.K. MARTINEZ G.F. DECOMPOSITION OF THE MEAN SQUARED ERROR AND NSE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVING HYDR…	1477	2410
6	KIRCHNER J.W. GETTING THE RIGHT ANSWERS FOR THE RIGHT REASONS: LINKING MEASUREMENTS ANALYSES AND MODELS TO ADVANCE THE SCIENCE OF HYDROLOGY (2006)	1474	2400
6	SCHOUPS G. VRUGT J.A. A FORMAL LIKELIHOOD FUNCTION FOR PARAMETER AND PREDICTIVE INFERENCE OF HYDROLOGIC MODELS WITH CORRELATED HETEROSCEDASTIC AND …	1438	1538
6	SEIBERT J. MCDONNELL J.J. ON THE DIALOG BETWEEN EXPERIMENTALIST AND MODELER IN CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY: USE OF SOFT DATA FOR MULTICRITERIA MODEL CALIBR…	1106	1313
6	GUPTA H.V. WAGENER T. LIU Y. RECONCILING THEORY WITH OBSERVATIONS: ELEMENTS OF A DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO MODEL EVALUATION (2008)	1093	1158
6	CLARK M.P. KAVETSKI D. FENICIA F. PURSUING THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE WORKING HYPOTHESES FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELING (2011)	1091	1227
6	FENICIA F. KAVETSKI D. SAVENIJE H.H.G. ELEMENTS OF A FLEXIBLE APPROACH FOR CONCEPTUAL HYDROLOGICAL MODELING: 1. MOTIVATION AND THEORETICAL DEVELOPM…	968	1019
6	SAMANIEGO L. KUMAR R. ATTINGER S. MULTISCALE PARAMETER REGIONALIZATION OF A GRID-BASED HYDROLOGIC MODEL AT THE MESOSCALE (2010)	925	1224
6	GHARARI S. HRACHOWITZ M. FENICIA F. GAO H. SAVENIJE H.H.G. USING EXPERT KNOWLEDGE TO INCREASE REALISM IN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM MODELS CAN DRAMATICAL…	921	1010
6	EUSER T. WINSEMIUS H.C. HRACHOWITZ M. FENICIA F. UHLENBROOK S. SAVENIJE H.H.G. A FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS THE REALISM OF MODEL STRUCTURES USING HYDROLOG…	850	877
Knowledge Base 7: KB 7 (n = 819, density =7.56)
7	POLLARD M. BEISSON F. LI Y. OHLROGGE J.B. BUILDING LIPID BARRIERS: BIOSYNTHESIS OF CUTIN AND SUBERIN (2008)	1363	1389
7	SAMUELS L. KUNST L. JETTER R. SEALING PLANT SURFACES: CUTICULAR WAX FORMATION BY EPIDERMAL CELLS (2008)	1039	1042
7	YADAV V. MOLINA I. RANATHUNGE K. CASTILLO I.Q. ROTHSTEIN S.J. REED J.W. ABCG TRANSPORTERS ARE REQUIRED FOR SUBERIN AND POLLEN WALL EXTRACELLULAR BA…	932	945
7	BIRD D. BEISSON F. BRIGHAM A. SHIN J. GREER S. JETTER R. KUNST L. SAMUELS L. CHARACTERIZATION OF ARABIDOPSIS ABCG11/WBC11 AN ATP BINDING CASSETTE (…	734	741
7	MOLINA I. LI-BEISSON Y. BEISSON F. OHLROGGE J.B. POLLARD M. IDENTIFICATION OF AN ARABIDOPSIS FERULOYL-COENZYME A TRANSFERASE REQUIRED FOR SUBERIN S…	642	645
7	SEO P.J. LEE S.B. SUH M.C. PARK M.J. GO Y.S. PARK C.M. THE MYB96 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REGULATES CUTICULAR WAX BIOSYNTHESIS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS…	596	602
7	BEISSON F. LI Y. BONAVENTURE G. POLLARD M. OHLROGGE J.B. THE ACYLTRANSFERASE GPAT5 IS REQUIRED FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SUBERIN IN SEED COAT AND ROOT O…	590	599
7	BEISSON F. LI-BEISSON Y. POLLARD M. SOLVING THE PUZZLES OF CUTIN AND SUBERIN POLYMER BIOSYNTHESIS (2012)	586	593
7	VISHWANATH S.J. DELUDE C. DOMERGUE F. ROWLAND O. SUBERIN: BIOSYNTHESIS REGULATION AND POLYMER ASSEMBLY OF A PROTECTIVE EXTRACELLULAR BARRIER (2015)	584	587
7	BERNARDS M.A. DEMYSTIFYING SUBERIN (2002)	568	575
Knowledge Base 8: KB 8 (n = 764, density =4.92)
8	NICK M. CHERKAOUI R. PAOLONE M. OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF DISPERSED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS FOR ENERGY BALANCE AND GRID …	980	984
8	BAI X. WEI H. FUJISAWA K. WANG Y. SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING FOR OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PROBLEMS (2008)	821	821
8	LAVAEI J. LOW S.H. ZERO DUALITY GAP IN OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PROBLEM (2012)	751	751
8	COFFRIN C. HIJAZI H.L. VAN HENTENRYCK P. THE QC RELAXATION: A THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON OPTIMAL POWER FLOW (2016)	577	577
8	JABR R.A. RADIAL DISTRIBUTION LOAD FLOW USING CONIC PROGRAMMING (2006)	536	536
8	MADANI R. SOJOUDI S. LAVAEI J. CONVEX RELAXATION FOR OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PROBLEM: MESH NETWORKS (2015)	485	485
8	KOCUK B. DEY S.S. SUN X.A. STRONG SOCP RELAXATIONS FOR THE OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PROBLEM (2016)	482	482
8	MOLZAHN D.K. HISKENS I.A. SPARSITY-EXPLOITING MOMENT-BASED RELAXATIONS OF THE OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PROBLEM (2015)	463	463
8	MOLZAHN D.K. HOLZER J.T. LESIEUTRE B.C. DEMARCO C.L. IMPLEMENTATION OF A LARGE-SCALE OPTIMAL POWER FLOW SOLVER BASED ON SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING (2…	460	460
8	ZAKERI B. SYRI S. ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS (2015)	401	401

Development of Knowledge Bases

Technical description

In a co-cittion network, the strength of the relationship between a reference pair \(m\) and \(n\) (\(s_{m,n}^{coc}\)) is expressed by the number of publications \(C\) which are jointly citing reference \(m\) and \(n\).

\[s_{m,n}^{coc} = \sum_i c_{i,m} c_{i,n}\]

The intuition here is that references which are frequently cited together are likely to share commonalities in theory, topic, methodology, or context. It can be interpreted as a measure of similarity as evaluated by other researchers that decide to jointly cite both references. Because the publication process is time-consuming, co-citation is a backward-looking measure, which is appropriate to map the relationship between core literature of a field.

Research Areas: Bibliographic coupling analysis

Research Areas main summary

This is arguably the more interesting part. Here, we identify the literature’s current knowledge frontier by carrying out a bibliographic coupling analysis of the publications in our corpus. This measure uses bibliographical information of publications to establish a similarity relationship between them. Again, method details to be found in the tab Technical description. As you will see, we identify the main research area, but also a set of adjacent research areas with some theoretical/methodological/application overlap.

To identify communities in the field’s knowledge frontier (labeled research areas) we again use the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). We identify the following communities = research areas.

com_name	AU	PY	TI	dgr_int	TC	TC_year
Research Area 1: RA 1 (n = 1415, density =0.34)
RA 1	ZHANG K;KIMBALL JS;RUN…	2016	A REVIEW OF REMOTE SENSING BASED ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION	18.2518916	240	40.000000
RA 1	FISHER JB;MELTON F;MID…	2017	THE FUTURE OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION: GLOBAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING, CARBON AND CLIMATE FEEDBACKS, AGRICULTURA…	11.9024274	348	69.600000
RA 1	MARTENS B;MIRALLES DG;…	2017	GLEAM V3: SATELLITE-BASED LAND EVAPORATION AND ROOT-ZONE SOIL MOISTURE	4.7843708	755	151.000000
RA 1	MIRALLES DG;JIMÉNEZ C;…	2016	THE WACMOS-ET PROJECT - PART 2: EVALUATION OF GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL EVAPORATION DATA SETS	13.7454483	184	30.666667
RA 1	MCCABE MF;ERSHADI A;JI…	2016	THE GEWEX LANDFLUX PROJECT: EVALUATION OF MODEL EVAPORATION USING TOWER-BASED AND GLOBALLY GRIDDED FORCING DATA	16.0160979	104	17.333333
RA 1	ZHANG Y;KONG D;GAN R;C…	2019	COUPLED ESTIMATION OF 500 M AND 8-DAY RESOLUTION GLOBAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN 2002–2017	9.9125918	151	50.333333
RA 1	BHATTARAI N;SHAW SB;QU…	2016	EVALUATING FIVE REMOTE SENSING BASED SINGLE-SOURCE SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE MODELS FOR ESTIMATING DAILY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION I…	16.6860094	83	13.833333
RA 1	SENAY GB;FRIEDRICHS M;…	2016	EVALUATING LANDSAT 8 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FOR WATER USE MAPPING IN THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN	10.5137394	115	19.166667
RA 1	WESTERLING AL	2016	INCREASING WESTERN US FOREST WILDFIRE ACTIVITY: SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN THE TIMING OF SPRING	2.0765058	558	93.000000
RA 1	HOBBINS MT;WOOD A;MCEV…	2016	THE EVAPORATIVE DEMAND DROUGHT INDEX. PART I: LINKING DROUGHT EVOLUTION TO VARIATIONS IN EVAPORATIVE DEMAND	8.3036488	135	22.500000
Research Area 2: RA 2 (n = 1347, density =0.26)
RA 2	PARADA AE;NEEDHAM DM;F…	2016	EVERY BASE MATTERS: ASSESSING SMALL SUBUNIT RRNA PRIMERS FOR MARINE MICROBIOMES WITH MOCK COMMUNITIES, TIME SERIES AND GLO…	9.4292838	1174	195.666667
RA 2	PASOLLI E;ASNICAR F;MA…	2019	EXTENSIVE UNEXPLORED HUMAN MICROBIOME DIVERSITY REVEALED BY OVER 150,000 GENOMES FROM METAGENOMES SPANNING AGE, GEOGRAPHY,…	12.7158294	481	160.333333
RA 2	ALMEIDA A;MITCHELL AL;…	2019	A NEW GENOMIC BLUEPRINT OF THE HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA	11.7367617	455	151.666667
RA 2	PARKS DH;CHUVOCHINA M;…	2018	A STANDARDIZED BACTERIAL TAXONOMY BASED ON GENOME PHYLOGENY SUBSTANTIALLY REVISES THE TREE OF LIFE	4.3426110	1082	270.500000
RA 2	ZHANG H;YOHE T;HUANG L…	2018	DBCAN2: A META SERVER FOR AUTOMATED CARBOHYDRATE-ACTIVE ENZYME ANNOTATION	6.5203577	663	165.750000
RA 2	RIQUELME E;ZHANG Y;ZHA…	2019	TUMOR MICROBIOME DIVERSITY AND COMPOSITION INFLUENCE PANCREATIC CANCER OUTCOMES	11.0557149	370	123.333333
RA 2	SIEBER CMK;PROBST AJ;S…	2018	RECOVERY OF GENOMES FROM METAGENOMES VIA A DEREPLICATION, AGGREGATION AND SCORING STRATEGY	13.7106316	289	72.250000
RA 2	SONNENBURG ED;SMITS SA…	2016	DIET-INDUCED EXTINCTIONS IN THE GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOUND OVER GENERATIONS	4.2029893	835	139.166667
RA 2	BAHRAM M;HILDEBRAND F;…	2018	STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GLOBAL TOPSOIL MICROBIOME	5.3536715	629	157.250000
RA 2	JAIN C;RODRIGUEZ-R LM;…	2018	HIGH THROUGHPUT ANI ANALYSIS OF 90K PROKARYOTIC GENOMES REVEALS CLEAR SPECIES BOUNDARIES	3.0148293	892	223.000000
Research Area 3: RA 3 (n = 988, density =0.22)
RA 3	KIRCHNER JW	2016	AGGREGATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS-PART 1: SEASONAL TRACER CYCLES QUANTIFY YOUNG WATER FRACTIONS, BUT NOT MEAN TRANSIT T…	8.0261217	183	30.500000
RA 3	SPRENGER M;LEISTERT H;…	2016	ILLUMINATING HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES AT THE SOIL-VEGETATION-ATMOSPHERE INTERFACE WITH WATER STABLE ISOTOPES	4.3958832	233	38.833333
RA 3	HRACHOWITZ M;BENETTIN …	2016	TRANSIT TIMES—THE LINK BETWEEN HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY AT THE CATCHMENT SCALE	6.6788878	132	22.000000
RA 3	BENETTIN P;SOULSBY C;B…	2017	USING SAS FUNCTIONS AND HIGH-RESOLUTION ISOTOPE DATA TO UNRAVEL TRAVEL TIME DISTRIBUTIONS IN HEADWATER CATCHMENTS	10.3848748	79	15.800000
RA 3	KIRCHNER JW	2016	AGGREGATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS-PART 2: CATCHMENT MEAN TRANSIT TIMES AND YOUNG WATER FRACTIONS UNDER HYDROLOGIC NONST…	7.7739083	99	16.500000
RA 3	SPRENGER M;STUMPP C;WE…	2019	THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF WATER: A REVIEW OF WATER AGES IN THE CRITICAL ZONE	7.7302417	98	32.666667
RA 3	SPRENGER M;SEEGER S;BL…	2016	TRAVEL TIMES IN THE VADOSE ZONE: VARIABILITY IN SPACE AND TIME	7.7966864	76	12.666667
RA 3	SPRENGER M;TETZLAFF D;…	2017	EVAPORATION FRACTIONATION IN A PEATLAND DRAINAGE NETWORK AFFECTS STREAM WATER ISOTOPE COMPOSITION	7.8683846	75	15.000000
RA 3	FOWLER KJA;PEEL MC;WES…	2016	SIMULATING RUNOFF UNDER CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: REVISITING AN APPARENT DEFICIENCY OF CONCEPTUAL RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS	5.2925334	98	16.333333
RA 3	BERGHUIJS WR;KIRCHNER JW	2017	THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTRASTING AGES OF GROUNDWATER AND STREAMFLOW	10.2616469	49	9.800000
Research Area 4: RA 4 (n = 902, density =0.24)
RA 4	PENG J;LOEW A;MERLIN O…	2017	A REVIEW OF SPATIAL DOWNSCALING OF SATELLITE REMOTELY SENSED SOIL MOISTURE	6.9385668	301	60.200000
RA 4	DORIGO W;WAGNER W;ALBE…	2017	ESA CCI SOIL MOISTURE FOR IMPROVED EARTH SYSTEM UNDERSTANDING: STATE-OF-THE ART AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS	4.1370830	504	100.800000
RA 4	COLLIANDER A;JACKSON T…	2017	VALIDATION OF SMAP SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE PRODUCTS WITH CORE VALIDATION SITES	4.3559906	376	75.200000
RA 4	HAJJ ME;BAGHDADI N;ZRI…	2017	SYNERGIC USE OF SENTINEL-1 AND SENTINEL-2 IMAGES FOR OPERATIONAL SOIL MOISTURE MAPPING AT HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION OVER AGR…	6.2100312	171	34.200000
RA 4	KERR YH;AL-YAARI A;ROD…	2016	OVERVIEW OF SMOS PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF GLOBAL SOIL MOISTURE MONITORING AFTER SIX YEARS IN OPERATION	4.8256087	186	31.000000
RA 4	BROCCA L;CIABATTA L;MA…	2017	SOIL MOISTURE FOR HYDROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS: OPEN QUESTIONS AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES	4.9323753	162	32.400000
RA 4	KIM H;PARINUSSA R;KONI…	2018	GLOBAL-SCALE ASSESSMENT AND COMBINATION OF SMAP WITH ASCAT (ACTIVE) AND AMSR2 (PASSIVE) SOIL MOISTURE PRODUCTS	7.7665958	99	24.750000
RA 4	CUI C;XU J;ZENG J;CHEN…	2018	SOIL MOISTURE MAPPING FROM SATELLITES: AN INTERCOMPARISON OF SMAP, SMOS, FY3B, AMSR2, AND ESA CCI OVER TWO DENSE NETWORK R…	7.3258941	92	23.000000
RA 4	BAGHDADI N;HAJJ ME;ZRI…	2017	CALIBRATION OF THE WATER CLOUD MODEL AT C-BAND FOR WINTER CROP FIELDS AND GRASSLANDS	6.1593897	106	21.200000
RA 4	BAUER-MARSCHALLINGER B…	2019	TOWARD GLOBAL SOIL MOISTURE MONITORING WITH SENTINEL-1: HARNESSING ASSETS AND OVERCOMING OBSTACLES	4.8673517	127	42.333333
Research Area 5: RA 5 (n = 774, density =0.12)
RA 5	KOCUK B;DEY SS;ANDY SUN X	2016	STRONG SOCP RELAXATIONS FOR THE OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PROBLEM	4.3361032	145	24.166667
RA 5	WONG LA;RAMACHANDARAMU…	2019	REVIEW ON THE OPTIMAL PLACEMENT, SIZING AND CONTROL OF AN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK	3.0220017	140	46.666667
RA 5	HAIDER HT;SEE OH;ELMEN…	2016	A REVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL DEMAND RESPONSE OF SMART GRID	1.2338279	303	50.500000
RA 5	LI P;JI H;WANG C;ZHAO …	2017	COORDINATED CONTROL METHOD OF VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE POWER FOR ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS BASED ON SOFT OPEN POINT	1.8630832	188	37.600000
RA 5	LI P;JI H;WANG C;ZHAO …	2019	OPTIMAL OPERATION OF SOFT OPEN POINTS IN ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS UNDER THREE-PHASE UNBALANCED CONDITIONS	3.5770770	93	31.000000
RA 5	SABOORI H;HEMMATI R;GH…	2017	ENERGY STORAGE PLANNING IN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS – A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW	2.3579436	122	24.400000
RA 5	NICK M;CHERKAOUI R;PAO…	2018	OPTIMAL PLANNING OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS EMBEDDING GRID RECONFIGURATION	3.1094719	92	23.000000
RA 5	YANG Z;ZHONG H;BOSE A;…	2018	A LINEARIZED OPF MODEL WITH REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE MAGNITUDE: A PATHWAY TO IMPROVE THE MW-ONLY DC OPF	1.8879351	148	37.000000
RA 5	BAI L;JIANG T;LI F;CHE…	2018	DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE PLANNING IN SOFT OPEN POINT BASED ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS INCORPORATING NETWORK RECONFIGUR…	2.8177970	96	24.000000
RA 5	GIANNITRAPANI A;PAOLET…	2017	OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR VOLTAGE CONTROL IN LV DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS	2.4308575	109	21.800000
Research Area 6: RA 6 (n = 617, density =0.16)
RA 6	BARBERON M;VERMEER JEM…	2016	ADAPTATION OF ROOT FUNCTION BY NUTRIENT-INDUCED PLASTICITY OF ENDODERMAL DIFFERENTIATION	1.8646940	253	42.166667
RA 6	FICH EA;SEGERSON NA;RO…	2016	THE PLANT POLYESTER CUTIN: BIOSYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES	2.6490200	178	29.666667
RA 6	LASHBROOKE J;COHEN H;L…	2016	MYB107 AND MYB9 HOMOLOGS REGULATE SUBERIN DEPOSITION IN ANGIOSPERMS	3.5500618	93	15.500000
RA 6	LEE SB;KIM HU;SUH MC	2016	MYB94 AND MYB96 ADDITIVELY ACTIVATE CUTICULAR WAX BIOSYNTHESIS IN ARABIDOPSIS	4.4326431	74	12.333333
RA 6	JI Z;JI H	2016	TSCAN: PSEUDO-TIME RECONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION IN SINGLE-CELL RNA-SEQ ANALYSIS	1.1426607	251	41.833333
RA 6	HWANG J-U;SONG W-Y;HON…	2016	PLANT ABC TRANSPORTERS ENABLE MANY UNIQUE ASPECTS OF A TERRESTRIAL PLANT’S LIFESTYLE	1.4015272	183	30.500000
RA 6	DO THT;MARTINOIA E;LEE Y	2018	FUNCTIONS OF ABC TRANSPORTERS IN PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	2.8828869	86	21.500000
RA 6	LEGAY S;GUERRIERO G;AN…	2016	MDMYB93 IS A REGULATOR OF SUBERIN DEPOSITION IN RUSSETED APPLE FRUIT SKINS	3.5863658	68	11.333333
RA 6	GOU M;HOU G;YANG H;ZHA…	2017	THE MYB107 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR POSITIVELY REGULATES SUBERIN BIOSYNTHESIS	4.3280880	54	10.800000
RA 6	FERNÁNDEZ V;GUZMÁN-DEL…	2016	CUTICLE STRUCTURE IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: RE-ASSESSING THE PREVAILING MODEL	1.4434487	128	21.333333
Research Area 7: RA 7 (n = 478, density =0.59)
RA 7	GHAFFARIANHOSEINI A;TO…	2017	BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) UPTAKE: CLEAR BENEFITS, UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPLEMENTATION, RISKS AND CHALLENGES	7.2510154	268	53.600000
RA 7	ZHAO X	2017	A SCIENTOMETRIC REVIEW OF GLOBAL BIM RESEARCH: ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION	8.8883788	206	41.200000
RA 7	LU Y;WU Z;CHANG R;LI Y	2017	BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) FOR GREEN BUILDINGS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS	6.5720448	225	45.000000
RA 7	HE Q;WANG G;LUO L;SHI …	2017	MAPPING THE MANAGERIAL AREAS OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) USING SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS	7.7753148	174	34.800000
RA 7	SANTOS R;COSTA AA;GRILO A	2017	BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND REVIEW OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING LITERATURE PUBLISHED BETWEEN 2005 AND 2015	5.4430866	173	34.600000
RA 7	ORAEE M;HOSSEINI MR;PA…	2017	COLLABORATION IN BIM-BASED CONSTRUCTION NETWORKS: A BIBLIOMETRIC-QUALITATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW	5.0726105	163	32.600000
RA 7	LIU Y;VAN NEDERVEEN S;…	2017	UNDERSTANDING EFFECTS OF BIM ON COLLABORATIVE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONAN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN CHINA	3.7403632	188	37.600000
RA 7	ZOU Y;KIVINIEMI A;JONE…	2017	A REVIEW OF RISK MANAGEMENT THROUGH BIM AND BIM-RELATED TECHNOLOGIES	4.7073734	149	29.800000
RA 7	TAY YWD;PANDA B;PAUL S…	2017	3D PRINTING TRENDS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: A REVIEW	1.9911960	325	65.000000
RA 7	KHAJAVI SH;MOTLAGH NH;…	2019	DIGITAL TWIN: VISION, BENEFITS, BOUNDARIES, AND CREATION FOR BUILDINGS	5.3752407	105	35.000000
Research Area 8: RA 8 (n = NA, density =NA)
NA	CHINI M;HOSTACHE R;GIU…	2017	A HIERARCHICAL SPLIT-BASED APPROACH FOR PARAMETRIC THRESHOLDING OF SAR IMAGES: FLOOD INUNDATION AS A TEST CASE	6.9027151	129	25.800000
NA	CHINI M;PELICH R;PULVI…	2019	SENTINEL-1 INSAR COHERENCE TO DETECT FLOODWATER IN URBAN AREAS: HOUSTON AND HURRICANE HARVEY AS A TEST CASE	6.6527452	91	30.333333
NA	SCHLAFFER S;CHINI M;GI…	2017	PROBABILISTIC MAPPING OF FLOOD-INDUCED BACKSCATTER CHANGES IN SAR TIME SERIES	7.2188216	34	6.800000
NA	LANDUYT L;VAN WESEMAEL…	2019	FLOOD MAPPING BASED ON SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR: AN ASSESSMENT OF ESTABLISHED APPROACHES	5.5963788	40	13.333333
NA	GIUSTARINI L;HOSTACHE …	2016	PROBABILISTIC FLOOD MAPPING USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR DATA	2.4348371	80	13.333333
NA	CHAABANI C;CHINI M;ABD…	2018	FLOOD MAPPING IN A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT USING BISTATIC TANDEM-X/TERRASAR-X INSAR COHERENCE	4.5723204	30	7.500000
NA	SANTOS JA;FRAGA H;MALH…	2020	A REVIEW OF THE POTENTIAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION OPTIONS FOR EUROPEAN VITICULTURE	0.9011625	99	49.500000
NA	WOOD M;HOSTACHE R;NEAL…	2016	CALIBRATION OF CHANNEL DEPTH AND FRICTION PARAMETERS IN THE LISFLOOD-FP HYDRAULIC MODEL USING MEDIUM-RESOLUTION SAR DATA A…	1.4502966	56	9.333333
NA	PIERDICCA N;PULVIRENTI…	2017	MAPPING FLOODED VEGETATION USING COSMO-SKYMED: COMPARISON WITH POLARIMETRIC AND OPTICAL DATA OVER RICE FIELDS	4.1917929	18	3.600000
NA	HOSTACHE R;CHINI M;GIU…	2018	NEAR-REAL-TIME ASSIMILATION OF SAR-DERIVED FLOOD MAPS FOR IMPROVING FLOOD FORECASTS	1.2727743	51	12.750000

Development

Connectivity between the research areas

Technical description

In a bibliographic coupling network, the coupling-strength between publications is determined by the number of commonly cited references they share, assuming a common pool of references to indicate similarity in context, methods, or theory. Formally, the strength of the relationship between a publication pair \(i\) and \(j\) (\(s_{i,j}^{bib}\)) is expressed by the number of commonly cited references.

\[s_{i,j}^{bib} = \sum_m c_{i,m} c_{j,m}\]

Since our corpus contains publications which differ strongly in terms of the number of cited references, we normalize the coupling strength by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Here, we weight the intercept of two publications’ bibliography (shared refeences) by their union (number of all references cited by either \(i\) or \(j\)). It is bounded between zero and one, where one indicates the two publications to have an identical bibliography, and zero that they do not share any cited reference. Thereby, we prevent publications from having high coupling strength due to a large bibliography (e.g., literature surveys).

\[S_{i,j}^{jac-bib} =\frac{C(i \cap j)}{C(i \cup j)} = \frac{s_{i,j}^{bib}}{c_i + c_j - s_{i,j}^{bib}}\]

More recent articles have a higher pool of possible references to co-cite to, hence they are more likely to be coupled. Consequently, bibliographic coupling represents a forward looking measure, and the method of choice to identify the current knowledge frontier at the point of analysis.

Knowledge Bases, Research Areas & Topics Interaction

Endnotes

All results are preliminary so far…